The Hidden Threat: Infections and Diseases That Spread in Hospitals

Hospitals are places of healing—but for many patients, they can also become sites of unexpected risk. Despite best efforts, healthcare-related infections (HAIs) remain one of the most serious threats in modern medicine

What Are Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?

Healthcare-associated infections are infections that patients acquire while receiving treatment for medical or surgical conditions. They are not present or incubating at the time of admission but develop after 48 hours or more in a healthcare setting.

These infections can lead to extended hospital stays, additional treatments, long-term health complications, and, in severe cases, death.

The Most Common HAIs in Hospitals

  • Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
     Often associated with catheter use, UTIs are among the most frequent HAIs. Poor hygiene during catheter insertion or care increases the risk significantly.
  • Surgical Site Infections (SSIs)
     Infections that occur after surgery in the part of the body where the surgery took place. They can range from superficial skin infections to deeper organ-space infections.
  • Pneumonia (particularly Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia - VAP)
     Especially common in ICU patients who require ventilators. Poor hand hygiene, contaminated equipment, or improper intubation protocols can contribute to transmission.
  • Bloodstream Infections (BSIs)
     These are severe and often life-threatening infections caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream, typically through central lines or IV catheters.
  • Clostridioides difficile (C. diff)
     This highly contagious bacterium causes severe diarrhea and is often spread by contaminated hands or surfaces in hospital environments.

How These Infections Spread

In hospital settings, infections spread primarily through:

  • Direct contact: Contaminated hands of healthcare personnel moving between patients
  • Contaminated surfaces: Bed rails, equipment, door handles, and medical devices
  • Airborne particles: In rare cases, diseases like tuberculosis or certain viruses
  • Invasive procedures: Surgery, catheterization, and intubation increase vulnerability

The Cost of Inaction

  • Longer hospital stays
  • Increased patient suffering and mortality
  • Greater financial burden on healthcare systems
  • Reputational damage to healthcare facilities

According to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), over 4 million patients per year in the EU acquire a healthcare-associated infection, and approximately 37,000 die as a direct result. Most of these infections are preventable.

Why Prevention Starts with Hygiene

At the center of infection prevention lies a simple but powerful act: hand hygiene. Clean hands protect both patients and healthcare workers from the spread of pathogens.

Yet, studies show that average hand hygiene compliance in hospitals ranges between 30%–60%—often due to workload, oversight, or lack of real-time feedback.

How Handhy Helps Reduce HAIs

Handhy was designed to meet this challenge. It transforms hygiene from a vague recommendation into a visible, trackable, and collaborative process.

With Handhy, healthcare facilities can:

  • Monitor hand hygiene compliance.
  • Identify risk zones and high-lapse areas
  • Support staff with smart reminders
  • Improve team accountability through shared dashboards and reporting

By supporting behavioral change and reducing gaps, Handhy becomes a key ally in the fight against ICAs


  HAIs are not just statistics — they affect real lives every day. As hospital systems evolve, so too must our approach to infection control. Greater awareness, stronger leadership, and smarter tools are the key to reversing the trend.

Handhy is part of the solution—because hygiene should never be an afterthought.

Ready to build a stronger hygiene culture in your hospital? Contact us for more info or to request a consultation

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